Caloric, whether static or dynamic, is not phenomenal; therefore the
phenomena of light, temperature, incandescence, luminosity, heat,
cold, and motion, as well as all other phenomena, are due to the
movement of matter caused by the physical forces. Thus we find that
_temperature is a phenomenal measure of molecular velocity_, as we
consider weight to be the measure of matter.
An increase of temperature denotes an increased molecular velocity,
and this in solid and liquid bodies unlocks a portion of the static
caloric and converts it into dynamic caloric, while an increased
temperature of gases occludes additional caloric, thus converting
dynamic into static caloric; and a reduction of molecular activity
reverses this action. From this we see that a change of temperature
either converts static to dynamic or dynamic to static caloric.
Thus we find that the amount of static caloric which a body possesses
is in direct relation to its temperature, but, as I have already
explained, temperature is a phenomenal indication of molecular
velocity, and as increased velocity separates the molecules to a
greater distance, which reduces the effective force of attraction and
unlocks a portion of caloric, it will be seen that the separation of
the molecules from any other cause will have the same effect.
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